A Bonded-Particle Discrete-Element Model with Self-Gravity for the Collision and Reaccumulation of Rubble-Pile Asteroids: Formulation and Numerical Protocol

The paper develops a discrete-element approach for small self-gravitating granular aggregates, representing each body as a composite of cohesively bonded spherical grains. It describes a numerical protocol in which fragmentation and reaccumulation arise from dissipative contact forces, irreversible bond breaking, and pairwise Newtonian self-gravity.