K-TRAIL: Simulator-Guided Generative Design of EM/RF Circuits

This paper introduces K-TRAIL, a generative framework for automated EM/RF circuit synthesis. The approach addresses the challenge of non-unique relationships between circuit layout and electrical response by combining diffusion-based layout generation with derivative-free ensemble Kalman guidance. The framework enables iterative refinement of candidate layouts through black-box full-wave EM simulator feedback, enabling efficient circuit inverse design without requiring gradient information from the simulator.