Droop-Aware Foundation Model Power Flow

This paper extends the GridFM power systems foundation model with droop-aware capabilities, embedding droop gains and frequency/voltage deadband parameters as per-bus node features. The work addresses a critical gap in existing power flow datasets, which encode only static electrical features and conflate operating points from different control regimes. By exposing droop and deadband parameters as structured node features, the model enables control-aware AC power flow analysis that distinguishes between qualitatively different control configurations.