Reduced Subgrid-Scale Terms for Turbulence Simulations with the Lattice Boltzmann Method

This paper addresses turbulent-flow simulations, where direct numerical simulation becomes prohibitively expensive at high Reynolds numbers and large eddy simulation depends on accurate subgrid-scale modeling. It introduces the Tau-orthogonal framework into the lattice Boltzmann method using macroscopic-velocity forcing. The work targets reduced subgrid-scale terms for computational fluid dynamics applications.